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Cancer-associated Genes

 


Table 10-D-1.  Cancer-associated genes.

  Gene Function
Proto-Oncogene  VEGFC  Growth factor
   EGFR (ErbB)  Receptor tyrosine kinase
   RET  Receptor tyrosine kinase
   IGF1R  Receptor tyrosine kinase
   Met  Receptor tyrosine kinase
   Src  Non-receptor tyrosine kinase
   Abl  Non-receptor tyrosine kinase
   Ras, H-, K-, N-  Signal transduction
   myc  Transcription factor
   myb  Transcription factor
   bcl-2  Apoptosis inhibition
   Mdm2  Downregulation of p53
   NCAD (CDH2)  Promotes cell mobility
   CTNNB1  Cell adhesion
Tumor Suppressor  p53 (TP53)  Transcription factor
   Rb1  Cell cycle brake
   p16 (CDKN2A)  Cdk4 inhibition
   PTEN  Phosphatase
   STK11 (LKB1)  Serine/threonine protein kinase
   NF-1  Ras inhibition
   BRCA1  Transcription regulator
   DPC4 (MADH4)  Transcription factor
   WT1  Transcription factor
   MEN-1  Transcription co-repressor
   PTCH  Transcription co-repressor
   ECAD (CDH1)  Cell adhesion
   CTNNA1  Cell adhesion
   APC  Cell adhesion
   TSC1  Vesicular transport
DNA Repair  ATM  Protein kinase
   MSH2  Mismatch Repair
   MSH6  Mismatch Repair
   MLH1  Mismatch Repair
Virus Viral Gene Possible mechanism
 EBV  LMP-1  Activate B cells like CD40
 HBV  X  Inactivate p53
 HPV 16, 18  E6  Downregulate p53
   E7  Inactivate pRB
 HTLV-1  tax  Activate IL genes
 HIV-1  tat   Stimulate Kaposi tumor growth

Oncogenes are the genes that stimulate excessive cell proliferation.  The normal genes that may be mutated to become oncogenes are called proto-oncogenes. Tumor suppressor genes may inhibit cell division. 

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